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Autism and Gut Microbiome

Jul 19, 20242 min read

Autism, or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder that affects normal brain development and is characterized by poor communication skills, poor reasoning, and repetitive and obstructive behavioural patterns. Roughly 1% to 2% of children worldwide are thought to be affected by Autism. This indicates that Autism affects tens of millions of individuals worldwide. Although the precise origin of Autism is not entirely known, a combination of genetic and environmental factors is thought to be involved. 

 

Scientists are looking more and more into how changes to the body's microbiome – its normal community of healthful bacteria – may affect brain development and play a role in Autism. Healthy gut microbiome exerts a calming effect on the immune system. In addition, some research suggests that byproducts from harmful gut bacteria can interfere with brain development and function.  Researchers have recently started to discover connections between ASD and other neurodevelopmental problems and the composition of the bacteria that live in our stomachs.

 

Stress during pregnancy raises the likelihood that the child may exhibit behaviours similar to Autism, according to earlier research on animals. As we travel through the birth canal, our mother's vaginal microbiome initially populates our gut microbiome at birth. A baby born through C-section has almost no gut microbiome. According to a hypothesis, the mother's stress levels during pregnancy can have a major impact on her vaginal microbiome, which in turn affects the baby's gut microbiome and has long-term effects on brain development.

 

Recent research on the microbiome-gut-brain axis suggests that there is a reciprocal relationship between the gut and the brain and that the gut microbiomecan affect a variety of neurological conditions, including Autism. The majority of individuals with Autism experience gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, such as vomiting, diarrhoea, stomach pain, and constipation. Many studies have shown that early colonisation, mode of delivery, and antibiotic usage significantly affect the gut microbiome and the onset of Autism. 

 


The gut produces about 90% of the neurotransmitters, including serotonin. The human gut microbiome consists of trillions of bacterial cells, which is 3-fold more significant than human body cells. Neurotransmitters produced in the gut influence our emotions by regulating the gut–brain axis. 

 

Over the years, significant improvements in GI and Autism symptoms have been observed. A clinical trial of Microbial Transfer Therapy (MTT) was performed on 18 participants for 2 years. All 18 patients showed a notable improvement in GI and ASD-related symptoms following two years of treatment. 

 

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